When were monocytes discovered?
1994
The discovery of monocytes as precursors of DC was made by Federica Sallusto and Antonio Lanzavecchia in 1994 [98] and further confirmed by others, including the group of Ralph Steinman [18,29,99,100].
Do monocytes turn into dendritic cells?
Monocytes are able to differentiate to dendritic cells (DCs) under inflammatory situations. In recent decades, the heterogeneity of monocytes and their different traffic pathways have been identified in both human and murine systems.
Are monocytes good?
Monocytes, along with other types of white blood cells, are a vital part of your immune system. They help protect you against infection and illness. If your monocytes are higher than they should be, a doctor can work with you to find the cause and start any treatments that may be necessary.
What happens when monocytes are high?
What Does a High Monocyte Count Mean? A high monocyte count — also called monocytosis — is often associated with chronic or sub-acute infections. It can also be linked with some types of cancer, especially leukemia. A high monocyte count can occur when you are recovering from an acute infection.
What are monocytes made of?
Monocytes are defined as blood mononuclear cells with bean-shaped nuclei that express CD11b, CD11c (αX integrin, a subunit of CR4), and CD14 (LPS receptor subunit) in humans, and CD11b plus F4/80 in mice and lack markers for pDC, B, T, NK cells.
Where are monocytes produced?
the bone marrow
Like granulocytes, monocytes are produced by stem cells in the bone marrow and circulate through the blood, though in lesser numbers.
What are the two types of monocytes?
Monocytes are differentiated from the committed precursor termed macrophage-DC precursor (MDP) mainly resident in bone marrow and differentiate into either dendritic cells or macrophages. They consist of two main subpopulations: CX3CR1highCCR2lowLy6C- and CX3CR1lowCCR2highLy6C+.
What are dendritic cells?
(den-DRIH-tik sel) A special type of immune cell that is found in tissues, such as the skin, and boosts immune responses by showing antigens on its surface to other cells of the immune system. A dendritic cell is a type of phagocyte and a type of antigen-presenting cell (APC).
What is unique about dendritic cells?
Here they act as antigen-presenting cells: they activate helper T-cells and killer T-cells as well as B-cells by presenting them with antigens derived from the pathogen, alongside non-antigen specific costimulatory signals. Dendritic cells can also induce T-cell tolerance (unresponsiveness).